Estructura de mercado y competencia en el sistema financiero peruano en el periodo 2011–2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26867/Palabras clave:
Competencia, concentración, modelo de Panzar-Rosse, sistema financieroResumen
La presente investigación analiza la estructura de mercado y su relación con el nivel de competencia del sistema financiero peruano durante el periodo 2011-2022. Se emplea un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y explicativo, utilizando indicadores de concentración, como ratio de concentración e índice Herfindahl-Hirschman, así como las medidas de competencia basadas en los modelos de Panzar-Rosse, Lerner y Boone. El análisis se aplica a datos de panel balanceado de 45 entidades financieras supervisadas por la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP. Los resultados muestran un elevado nivel de concentración, especialmente en la banca múltiple, con ratio de concentración entre 72% y 77% y el índice Herfindahl-Hirschman entre 1500 y 1760. El estadístico H, igual a 0.78, evidenciando un entorno de competencia monopolística. Los índices de Lerner y Boone reflejan en sus inicios altos niveles de competencia; sin embargo, ambos muestran una tendencia decreciente a lo largo del periodo analizado. Asimismo, se observa que la banca mantiene mayor poder de mercado en comparación con el segmento no bancario. En conclusión, el sistema financiero peruano se caracteriza por alta concentración y competencia monopolística, con niveles de competencia que disminuyen progresivamente mientras aumenta el poder de mercado.
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